Computer Crime :: essays research papers fc

The technological revolution has taken full swing. If a business doesnt have some form of e-commerce, or if a person does not have some form of an e-mail address, they are seen as living in the stone age. This new world of virtual life, where with the click of a button a person can travel millions of miles in a few seconds, millions of new opportunities have arisen. However, someone has to always ruin the good things in life. Very similar to Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, where the second thing built in a Utopia was a prison, the advent of ready reckoner crime is only becoming more than prevelant everyday. The whole idea of a computing machine crime is rather absurd indeed. Really, who wants to go around spray painting on ready reckoners anyway? Though the translation of estimator crime varies from source to source, the most common being, any illegal act which oinvolves a computer system (What is a computer... p.1). This holds true even if the computer contains something as s imple as a threatening e-mail. Computer crime in nature ranges from relatively small things such as software plagiarism to magnificent crimes like fraud.Computer crime itself has metamorphasized from its mere infancy. In the belatedly 1970s, a would-be criminal would need direct access to the actual computer terminal. This is because the most computer crime of that time actually involved hardware sabotage and theft, rather than a more software oriented problem. In the late 1970s and early to mid 1980s, computer crime had elevated a notch with the advent of the inter-schiool network. This network was a connection of several major universities with modem lines. Educated computer users were now changing each others ideas and information, but not for the malicious, but instead for the better. The mid to late 1980s saw the rise of computer hackers such as Kevin Mitnick. kevin Mitnick was caught at least a half dozen times, with the charges ranging from criminal tresspassing to fraud. Mitnick had broken into several corporations servers,n one being the well reknowned Sun Microsystems. When he was arrested Mitnick became a martyr and a heron to many teenage computer enthusiasts. These teens would be determined to carry on the symbolic spirit, or what they thought to be, of Kevin Mitnick. However, the computer crimes that thses users perpatrate cost small businesses and corporations millions each year, put restraints on legitimate computer users and still remain an extremely dangerous, costly and virtually unstoppable crime.

Terrorism: We Must Fight ISIS :: Terrorism, ISIS

The world is at a rough point. ISIS has been taking over Iraq and Syria and no one there has been equal to resist the diffuse. Some people from other countries wish to go turn on lethally or non-lethally against the terrorist threat. There are likewise some that go to involution for ISIS.Allowing alien volunteers to repugn for the enemy should be recognized as a terrorist action. What should stop them from going to train with terrorists only to go back to their home country and spread terrorism there? The real issue is how countries view what is a terrorist country. A country may revoke a right of citizenship if someone wishes to go tug in a terrorist country. It could also be that the country considers a foreign volunteer to be a samaritan for a cause that they feel passionate rich that they would want to fight and possibly die for. The other part is the human element. It is natural for a human to go to a place and possibly fight for someone else because they feel that they need to help fellow humans with their cause. This reason is why the world sees so many foreigners fighting in countries like Syria and Iraq. This is also why some people go to fight for ISIS.ISIS is a major problem for Iran. Because we are neighbors to Iraq, we assume a greater danger of being invaded. When it comes to volunteers, we have been sending over personnel to train Shia militants to fight ISIS. This effort, however, might not be enough. ISIS keeps growing stronger with its numerous amount of recruits. While others may go to Syria to fight against ISIS, the number is still not enough. Some people may think that we are a source of terrorism, we are not and are trying to fight it. The Sunni jihadists are after us, and we need Shias to fight with us (Byman).What we need are fighters from other countries to help assist in fighting against ISIS. There have been alike many foreigners going to ISIS, women included. In October 2014, there were 4 women alone who tried to go fight for Syria but were arrested (Erlanger). Our problem is that we need the use of foreign volunteers in these armed conflicts because ISIS in Syria and Iraq are both way too close to home, and fearing an attack from them is quite possible.

Macbeth Is Not A Villain... :: essays research papers

MACBETH ESSAYThe proposition that &8220Macbeth is a baddie in whom there is little to admire is an inadequate judgement of Macbeth&8217s character. Macbeth is non consciously and naturally malevolent, and there be many aspects of his character and his downfall which serve to support this. Macbeth was not nevertheless a victim of his own actions, besides also of the valet de chambre condition and the extremely powerful forces of both his wife and fate. Throughout the play the audience undoubtedly experiences feelings of horror at Macbeth, but we are also driven, through an understanding of his character, to admiration and sympathy. This would not be the case if Macbeth was a totally vile and reprehensible villain, and thus the tragedy of Shakespeare&8217s Macbeth is clear.Macbeth was sure as shooting no villain to begin with. He is introduced to us as a man of great honour, nobility and strength of morals. He is held in high go out by King Dun finish, who addresses him as &822 0valiant cousin, worthy gentleman- so highly, in fact, that Macbeth is granted a promotion over Banquo (who seems to be of an extremely worthy and loyal character). But there is a fatal difference between Macbeth and Banquo- Macbeth&8217s ambition and lust for power. He is a man with an unsurpassable desire to cash advance himself. He himself identifies this quality while he contemplates an action that he is wholly repulsed by &8220I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting Ambition which o&8217erleaps itself, And falls on th&8217 other. This &8220Vaulting Ambition is what makes Macbeth vulnerable and leads him to commit possibly the most vile deed he can imagine, setting him on a path of destruction. There is a temptation to use the fact that he could comprehend the vileness of his deed as a reason as to why we should condemn Macbeth as even worse a villain. But this is a simple view that does not take into bankers bill Macbeth&8217s later torment or give credit to Shakespeare&8217s intention to create a true &8211 to-form tragedy. Macbeth is not a ruthless, callous villain devoid of all pity and humanity, and there are several issues in the play that serve to illustrate this.Firstly, Macbeth had an extremely active conscience and recognition of human moral values. His conscience put up a great deal of resistance to the prospect of murder, and after the act it continued to torment him until his death.

Super Elevations :: physics science

Have you ever been driving down the road and approach a turn too fast? What happens? You and the car undergo centrifugal overstretch and you as well as the car are pushed away from the turn, or up the grade also know as a first-rateelevation. An engineer essential balance this force raising the grade on one side of the road. It should be noted that under theoretical observations steering would be effortless tho in order to provide these ideal conditions the clangor factor would be zero and the vehicle weight would balance the centrifugal force. In the veridical world we have friction and cannot afford to build the extremely steep slope of 30 every time we need an off ramp or horizontal curve.In order for the operator to comfortably designate a curve there are several variables that must be accounted for, the radius of the curve, friction and velocity. Radius length may depend on sight distance and right of way, or property lines as well as sight distance. corrasion depends on the surface properties of various materials and climate. The slope and velocity are usually dependent on the variables just described. While building and designing these roads, it is industry prototype to put 1/3 of the change in grade within the horizontal curve and 2/3 of the transition length on the tangent. In Laymans terms, by the time the car approaches the first part of the curve, 2/3 of the grade has already been built. This assures smooth transition for the driver to maneuver the curve.In order to get a better idea of what kind of friction coefficients are used in Alaska, we can look at the Badger Road Interchange construction project on the Richardson Highway. The nortbound on ramp (from Badger Road) will have a speed sterilise of35 mpha radius of 135 meters and a superelevation of 5.5%. From this data one may find the friction coefficient, () to be equal to 0.10. Another sample taken from the same project, observed from the off ramp in the south bound lane will have a radius of 253 meters, a super of 6% and a speed limit of45 mph was observed to be 0.09, which is just enough traction to make these corners at the posted limit. A friction coefficient that small leads the author to assume the engineers designed these turns to be taken under extremely slick conditions.

Contradictions In The Puritan Religion :: essays research papers

Contradictions In The prude ReligionLife is honorable of many contradictions, and the basis of the Puritanreligion is no exception. The Puritans believed that they were Gods chosenpeople, as mentioned in the Bible. They saw themselves on a level above theaverage man, but in reality, their religion was full of inconsistencies. ThePuritans believed in something known as the Doctrine of Elect, hinted at inRomans 828-30, 96-24, and later at the Synod of Dort.. The doctrinecontradicted the more widely held depression of Pelagianism, the belief that mancould redeem himself through acts of charity, piety, and by living an unselfishlife. It came to be one of the greatest theological discrepancies of all time.Evidently, the Puritan beliefs were almost entirely contradictory. nearly of the Puritan beliefs were both simple and believable. Otherswould seem dreadful today. Puritanism was founded on the principles andbeliefs of John Calvin, and one of the major ideals they focused on was thedo ctrine of predestination. Calvin believed that the grace of God was the tag into Heaven and that his grace could not be earned. Gods grace wasbestowed upon a select few regardless of what they did to earn it. This doctrine stated that God determines a mans destiny, whether it be salvationor condemnation, regardless of any worth or merit on the soulfulnesss part. Itcould be compared to the failures of Communism in that no matter how hard aperson worked, how devout a person was, how often a person went to church, therewas no way to get into Heaven unless they were chosen. Aside from the doctrineof elect, the Puritans had other outrageous beliefs including the degradation ofones self, the utter and total dependence on divine grace for salvation, andthe wrath of an angry God.The God worshipped by the Puritans was not a compassionate God, anddefinitely not a happy God. The Puritans fear him and tried zealously to makethemselves worthy in his eyes. They insisted that they, as Gods spec ial elect,had the duty to conduct personal matters carrying out his will according to the Bible.Though many of their beliefs seemed outrageous, the most heinous of all was theaforementioned Doctrine of Elect.If this Doctrine of Elect guaranteed the chosen a spot in heaven, thenthere was no reason for them to behave as pious, God-fearing Puritans. Therewas no reward after death for those who had been good and were not chosen.The standardized was the same for the special few who made their way onto Gods

Contradictions In The Puritan Religion :: essays research papers

Contradictions In The Puritan ReligionLife is full of many contradictions, and the basis of the Puritanreligion is no exception. The Puritans believed that they were Gods chosenpeople, as mentioned in the Bible. They saw themselves on a level above theaverage man, but in reality, their religion was full of inconsistencies. ThePuritans believed in something known as the dogma of Elect, hinted at inRomans 828-30, 96-24, and later at the Synod of Dort.. The doctrinecontradicted the more widely held belief of Pelagianism, the belief that mancould redeem himself through acts of charity, piety, and by living an unselfishlife. It came to be one of the greatest theological discrepancies of all time.Evidently, the Puritan beliefs were almost entirely contradictory.Some of the Puritan beliefs were both simple and believable. Otherswould depend outrageous today. Puritanism was founded on the principles andbeliefs of John Calvin, and one of the major ideals they focused on was thedoctrine of predestination. Calvin believed that the grace of God was theticket into Heaven and that his grace could not be earned. Gods grace wasbestowed upon a select few regardless of what they did to earn it. This doctrine stated that God determines a mans destiny, whether it be redemptionor condemnation, regardless of any price or merit on the persons part. Itcould be compared to the failures of Communism in that no matter how hard aperson worked, how devout a person was, how much a person went to church, therewas no way to get into Heaven unless they were chosen. Aside from the doctrineof elect, the Puritans had other outrageous beliefs including the degradation ofones self, the utter and total dependance on divine grace for salvation, andthe wrath of an angry God.The God worshipped by the Puritans was not a forgiving God, anddefinitely not a quick God. The Puritans fear him and tried zealously to makethemselves worthy in his eyes. They insisted that they, as Gods special elect,had the duty to conduct affairs carrying out his will according to the Bible.though many of their beliefs seemed outrageous, the most heinous of all was theaforementioned Doctrine of Elect.If this Doctrine of Elect guaranteed the chosen a spot in heaven, thenthere was no case for them to behave as pious, God-fearing Puritans. Therewas no reward after death for those who had been good and were not chosen.The standard was the same for the special few who do their way onto Gods

Belonging is a basic human need and we all need to belong in some way Essay

Belonging is the term used when the individual becomes involved in something it is a qualitying of security where members feel included, accepted, related, fit in, conformed and subscribed, which enhance their well-being with the feeling of home. Various multitudes such as family, friends and corporation aspire people to belong as these are seen as the truly important groups for people to want to fit in to. People want to be able to feel and be included amongst their friends and be accepted by their group of friends for who they are. They want to be able to feel part of a wider community but most importantly, they want to feel like they belong in a family of people who love them for who they are and accept them. Thus, belonging is a rudimentary human necessity as each person is dependent on others to feel included and accepted in some way. People privation to belong because it is a feeling to be needed, to be part of something, to have soulfulness give affection and show that t hey care we all need that. To have the feeling that we belong gives us the feeling we arent useless and we can delineate a small difference and we are still good for something and people want us around. We feel that it is important for our self-esteem if we dont beat back the feeling we belong from anywhere, therefore the human being is always in need to belong and be a part of society and be accepted.Our need to belong is what drives us to look for stable, long lasting relationships with other people. It also motivates us to participate in social activities such as clubs, sports teams, religious groups, and community organizations. By belonging to a group, we feel as if we are a part of something bigger and more important than ourselves. In Carson McCullers novella The constituent of the Wedding, the protagonist Frankie looks for inclusion when she seeks to belong to the wedding. By discussing her involvement in the wedding in her travels around the town, she tries to build conf idence in her self-esteem, knowing that she result now officially be included in a group or an event, which is the wedding so she thinks. Frankie is now more confident as she feels a sense of belonging. Relevant to Frankies need to belong, Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs shows that belongingness is part of one of his major needs that motivates human behavior. Membership of a group offers people closure and inclusion into a crowd, therefore belonging is essential.

Clinical Applications Of Exercise Health And Social Care Essay

Documents olfaction intoing the benefits of workout plans for PAD, constituents of PAD employment plans and patient conformity to exert plans were sourced for this essay. The succeeding(prenominal) databases were reviewed, AMED, Medline ( PubMed ) , Medline ( ESCO ) , CINAHL, Sports Discus, Cocharane, Google, Google bookman, ( form origin to show ) . Using a combination of the undermentioned key words, Peripheral arterial disease, Peripheral vascular disease, exercising, benefits, conformity, attachment, effectual, constituents, guidelines, and exercising rehabilitation. Merely face linguistic communication publications were considered. A sum of 253 relevant surveies were retrieved between Feb 24th and March 10th ( non including Google which retrieved a consequence of 51,000 of which merely 10 were relevant sp ar- prison term activity reading the full rubric ) . Consequences from the hunts were viewed and 1s of the most relevancy were chosen restricting it to 24 articles. Menti ons from these articles were so searched utilizing the databases together with an extended manus hunt.Benefits of exercising programme.In patients with ( PAD ) sporadic lameness ( IC ) is the chief clinical symptom experienced. Patients send away becharm musculus cramp/aching during walking secondary to muscle ischaemia in the calf, thigh or natess ( Willigendael et al 2005 ) . These symptoms may restrict public presentation in day-to-day activates and possible impair personal, societal and occupational functional susceptibility ( Regensteiner et al 1996 ) . An intercession like exercising provision improves lameness symptoms, additions pown(prenominal) free walking distance and enhances quality of life. There be a record of possible mechanisms for this betterment such as, alterations in musculus metamorphosis, versions of blood flow in the fringe, addition in hurting threshold and alteration in thou ( Regensteiner et al 1997 ) .For over 50 old ages simple walking exercising has been the primary recommended hinderance of Peripheral Arterial Disease. In fact the original good word for an exercising plan as a method for handling patients enduring from intermittent lameness came from ( Erb in 1898 ) .In 1966 Larsen and Lassen conducted the really first randomized controlled trail look intoing the consequence of exercising on a population with PAD. Fourteen patients were indiscriminately allocated to either a Pedometer monitored exercising congregation verses a tablet placebo group. The consequences showed that after half-dozen months of the walk-to exercising plan unpainful walking had increased by a distance of 106 % and the regard as maximal walk-to clip had improve by 183 % compared to the control, ( Larsen et al 1966 ) .Since so there has been a big figure of non-randomized and randomized controlled surveies look intoing the consequence of exercising on patients with PAD.In the most recent Cochrane critique in 2008 look intoing Exercise for Int ermittent Claudication ( Watson et al 2008 ) , the chief purpose was to gamble the efficaciousness of an exercising plan in patients with IC stand-in symptoms and bettering walking distances and times. Twenty-two randomized controlled tests met the inclusion standards affecting a sum of 1200 topics. Fourteen of these surveies compared exercising with usual attention or a placebo and the new(prenominal)s compared Exercise with other intercessions i.e. surgery. The signifiers of exercising in this meta-analysis varied from walking to potential preparation to upper or lower limb exercisings to punt striding. Sessions were either administrate or un-supervised. The Sessionss by and large took topographic point twice a hebdomad. Outcomes were measured at times runing from 14 yearss to two old ages. The consequences showed that in comparing to usual attention exercising improved maximum walking clip on a treadmill by an norm of five proceedingss in a sum of 255 participants. pain-f ree walking distance was increased by norm of 82.2 metres and the mean maximal walking distance was increased to 113.2 metres in six tests. From the meta-analysis it is clear that the mean betterments in walking distance and clip were clinically and statistically important, some topics responded better than others which may signal changing conformity issues with different exercising programmes. Clearly we discharge see being able to keep walking for a long-run period of clip with less lameness hurting is improved with exercising governments which lead hold a clinically important impact on the functional capacity of the PAD patient. This meta-analysis of randomised surveies nowadayss good confirmation of the benefits of exercising as a intervention and these consequences are supported by grounds from a old meta-analysis carried out by Gardner and Poehlman in 1995. This meta-analysis of 21 randomised and non-randomized tests of exercising preparation showed an mean maximum walking clip addition of 120 % and unpainful walking clip addition of 180 % on norm. ( Gardener et al 1995 ) . These findings suggest that exercising plans have a clinically of import function to play in the intervention of PAD. One of the most recent surveies by ( McDermott et al 2009 ) supports this construct. The aim was to find whether supervised treadmill exercising or lower appendage opposition preparation better functional public presentation of patients with PAD with or without lameness. It was a randomized controlled test performed in a clinical scene over a period of four old ages affecting 156 patients with PAD. Subjects were indiscriminately assigned to a, supervised treadmill exercising, lower appendage opposition preparation, or a control group. The treadmill exercising group had a bonny addition of 35.9 metres for their 6-minute walk effort in comparing to the control group, whereas the opposition preparation group had an addition of 12.4 metres in comparing to the control group. For brachial arteria flow-mediated dilation, those in the treadmill group had a average betterment of 1.53 % compared with the control group. The treadmill group had greater additions in maximum treadmill walking clip 3.44 proceedingss than the control group. The opposition preparation group had greater additions in maximum treadmill walking clip 1.90 and step mounting 10.4meters than the control group ( McDermott et al 2009 ) . From this we can clearly see the benefit exercising programmes have in relation to PAD.ComponentsThere is really strong grounds of the important clinical application of exercising as a intervention of PAD. We know the benefits of an exercising plan for PAD but what are the constituents of most effectual exercising intercession. Harmonizing to the meta-analysis by ( Gardner et al 1995 ) the greatest additions in walking business leader were noted when certain constituents were implemented into a plan. The primary constituent of an exercising plan for bring forthing betterments was walking to near maximum hurting. Exercise plans that had patients walk to get on maximum lameness hurting ( high hurting terminal point ) demonstrated greater betterments in lameness symptoms than plans that had patients halt walking at the onrush of lameness hurting ( Gardner et al 1995 ) . Harmonizing to the meta-analysis the 2nd most important constituent was the length of the exercising programme implemented. There was a reported 22 % and 28 % in the addition in the distances to onset and to maximal lameness hurting during treadmill proving, severally in Programs enduring 6 months or more. ( Gardner et al 1995 ) . thirdly the type of exercising was the following effectual constituent for the betterment. Programs that had patients exert entirely with walking produced greater additions in lameness hurting distances than plans that included a kind of physical activities ( Gardner et al 1995 ) . A factor of less significance was the continuance of exercising preparation of at least 30 proceedingss was advised as it had a greater result. These consequences have really strong deductions for planing a specific exercising plan. The current American College of Cardiology ( ACC ) and American Heart association ( AHA ) Guidelines for the Management of Patients with PAD are based on a reexamination of Exercise and lameness by ( Stewart et al 2002 ) . They comprise of the undermentioned recommendations. Treadmill walking/track walking are regarded as the most good exercising for lameness. The method of exercising should set up an strength that produces the lameness symptoms within three to five proceedingss depending on the topic. at once these symptoms of top badness are reached the topic should rest either in sitting or standing until the symptoms are resolved. Once the topic no longer feels any uncomfortableness exercising sketchs at the same strength once more for three to five proceedingss until moderate strength hurting is reached one time more. This rhythm of exercising remainder continues until a sum of 30 five proceedingss of treadmill walking is completed. ( Stewart et al 2002 ) recommends integrating an excess five proceedingss each session until a entire clip of 50 proceedingss of treadmill walking is achieved. As the topic progressed in the plan their walking and therefore clip to chair strength hurting lameness will be prolonged. Their work burden should therefore be adapted. This is done by custom-making the grade/speed of the walking to guarantee growth is maintained. Harmonizing to the TASC I guidelines ( The Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of PAD 2000 ) either the velocity or class can be increased but an increased class is recommended if the patient can already walk 2mph. withal an extra end of the plan is to increase patient walking speed up to 3mph from the mean walking velocity of 1.3-2.mph. An facet that must be kept in consideration is that umpteen of the surveies in the reappraisal by ( Stewart et al 2002 ) and significantly the Meta analyses by ( Watson et al 2008 ) and ( Gardner et al 1995 ) on which the current ACC/AHA guidelines are based, is that there are umteen unidentified factors taking to possible differences in the lameness distance. In many surveies factors such as average age which harmonizing to ( Gardner et al 1995 ) did hold a relation to additions in lameness distances following preparation, and other factors such as hapless peripheral hemodynamic profiles, disparity in badness of PAD, different capable weights, tobacco users and non tobacco users and patients with diabetes, were non taken into consideration in the reappraisals. While there is some possibilities for prejudice the chief findings and the deductions of these are incontrovertible.Conformity issues associating to EmbroiderA reappraisal on patients attachment to exert and advice ( Middleton 2004 ) postulated that there are legion direct and indirect factors that have an consequence on patients attachment in relation to exert. These included, the topics ain beliefs and attitudes, patients anterior exercising history, Age, Self-efficacy, grade of sensed hurting, venue of control and psychosocial factors. In a reappraisal survey by ( Slulijs et al 1993 ) three chief lending factors of patient non-compliance came to the bow. Firstly Barriers patients perceive ( Sluijs et al 1993 ) . Barriers such as non happening the clip or non being able to suit the exercising into their day-to-day modus operandi. Besides mentioned were Motivation to exert and trouble. These all tended to be factors that had the most consequence on attachment. Secondly deficiency of cost increase and feedback lowered attachment. It was noted that the more supervising, positive feedback and encouragement the patient received the better the conformity. Feedback influences conformity rates ( Sluijs et al 1993 ) . The 3rd primary factor act uponing attachment was the patients grade of weakness. Patients with more disablement caused by unwellness adhered better in comparing to those who were less handicapped. ( Pollock 1988 ) in a reappraisal of factors impacting exercising conformity besides concluded that exercising prescriptions of of moderate strength were associated with greater attachment than prescriptions for vigorous activities ( Pollock 1988 ) . The above are adherence issues with exercising intervention in general and although they are non specific to PAD, many of the concerns and issues will be the same for PAD. A reappraisal ( Armen et al 2003 ) that is more specific to this clinical status studied the conformity issues and behavioural schemes in patients with PAD, computer-aided design and DM. It was found that a big bulk of patients discontinued the exercising plan within the first twelvemonth. Frequent direct and indirect barriers that the patients encountered were locations of the service, as mentioned antecedently decreased encourag ement and hapless supervising by the clinician besides reduced attachment. Un-realistic ends and outlooks set by patients was besides a factor. Boredom and motive once more stirred conformity. Both the particular and non specific factors associating to exert attachment must be taken into consideration.DecisionFrom this essay we can see how the grounds shows how effectual and good an exercising programme can be for patients with PAD. We know the constituents that make up the most effectual exercising programme and we besides know in item many of the conformity issues that are related to patients with this status.

The African Diaspora

The term Diaspora means the dispersion of commonwealth from their original homeland. The term African Diaspora refers to the dispersion of the African people across the world throughout the human history. This is a complex process created by the movements and mobility of African people across the globe. The presence of the black people in the Americas, Asia and Europe is the result of African Diaspora. This paper will discuss the African Diaspora and in context of the modern era with a brief account of its history. African Diaspora HistoricallyThe African Diaspora is not a phenomenon of the Middle Ages when the Western nations enslaved millions of Africans and transported them to the Caribbean, Americas. During the post Christian era the African continent has been a center of a excellent civilization. During the Islamic rule the Africans prospered and at that time invaded the Iberian Peninsula along the Arabs. This amalgamation of Afro-Arabic culture created the glorious Moorish ci vilization in the Iberian Peninsula which lasted until the 15th carbon A.D.Many Africans settled across the Asian continent during this period of Islamic rule because of near absence of racial discrimination in the Islamic society. Thats wherefore many people of African origin are still seen in Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Indian Subcontinent and other predominantly Muslim areas. In the middle of the 15th hundred the western explorers discovered new lands and continents in the Western Hemisphere. These discoveries unveiled potentials of riches and wealth by plantation in the Americas and Caribbean.To fulfill the needs of these Plantations the Western nations looked towards the African Continent. From this age nearly 11 million gon to the New World, 8 Million to the European Countries while 4 million were transported to the plantations in the Indian Ocean. (Larson, 1999) This was largest hale migration and dispersion of the people of African ancestry in the history and shaped the Africa n Diaspora of modern times. African Diaspora in Modern Age In the twenty-first Century both the people living inside the African continent and outside it are sustaining harsh and adverse conditions.People in the African continent are torn by Civil Wars, famine, poverty, fallacies of the leadership and the worst AIDs epidemic. Africans have the largest infant and maternal mortality rate in the world as soundly as the lowest life expectancy in the world. Most of the Africans are deprived of education, medication and other primary needs. The conditions of the Africans living abroad are in like manner not that favorable. The largest group of people of African ancestry living outside the home continent is Afro-Brazilians.The situation of Afro-Brazilians is no better than their brethren living in Africa. officially they constitute 45% of the population of Brazil but their contribution in education, business, military and legislation in nothing compared to their population ratio. Whites are dominant in every profitable sector and white collar jobs are only secured for Whites. Blacks living in cities are forced to live in segregated suburbs, where in that respect are no modern municipal facilities provided.Other countries with prominent black populations are the United States and Canada (Combine population 4 million), Caribbean 15 million, France 2 million, U. K. 1. 6 million. (African Diaspora) Conclusion The African Diaspora in the modern era despite all the slogans of racial equality has been deliberately deprived of all the rights and facilities enjoyed by the developed nations. If the developed nations didnt take serious measures to cure the deteriorating situation of the African people things will go beyond control.

Pricing Strategies Essay

Definition set is a powerful element of a lowlyer businesss marketing strategy. The price structure of your carrefours and services, and how it relates to your competitors price strategies and the expectations of consumers, play an important role in creating an image for your conjunction and establishing a detail guest base. An analysis of pricing strategy reveals that companies lead a range of options in their pricing toolkit they can use to augment their marketing initiatives. set strategy refers to system companies use to bell their outputs or services.Al closely all companies, large or infinitesimal, base the terms of their mathematical products and services on production, labor and advertising expenses and then issue on a certain percentage so they can make a profit. There be several different pricing strategies, such as penetration pricing, price skimming, discount pricing, product life cycle pricing and even competitive pricing. Different Types of Pricing Stra tegiesPenetration PricingA small company that uses penetration pricing typically get alongs a low price for its product or service in hopes of building market share, which is the percentage of gross sales a company has in the market versus total sales. The primary bearing of penetration pricing is to garner lots of customers with low prices and then use versatile marketing strategies to retain them. For example, a small net profit software distributor may set a low price for its products and subsequently email customers with extra software product offers every month. A small company will work hard to serve these customers to build brand loyalty among them. charge grazingA nonher type of pricing strategy is price skimming, in which a company sets its prices high to quickly recover expenditures for product production and advertising. The key objective of a price skimming strategy is to achieve a profit quickly. Companies often use price skimming when they lack financial resou rces to produce products in volume, according to the article Pricing Strategy at NetMBA.com. Instead, the company will use the quick spurts of cash to finance additional product production and advertising. crossing Life Cycle PricingAll products have a life span, called product life cycle. A product gradually progresses through different full stops in the cycle introduction, growth, maturity and decline stages. During the growth stage, when sales are booming, a small company normally will keep prices higher. For example, if the companys product is unique or of higher quality than competitive products, customers will managely pay the higher price. A company that prices its products high in the growth stage also may have a new technology that is in high demand. Competitive-Based PricingThere are times when a small company may have to lower its price to meet the prices of competitors. A competitive-based pricing strategy may be employed when there is little difference among product s in an industry. For example, when people purchase paper plates or foam cups or a picnic, they often shop for the lowest price when there is minimal product differentiation. Consequently, a small paper company may need to price its products lower or lose potential sales. Temporary Discount Pricing gauzy companies also may use temporary discounts to increase sales. Temporary discount pricing strategies include coupons, cents-off sales, seasonal price reductions and even volume purchases. For example, a small clothing manufacturer may offer seasonal price reductions after the holidays to reduce product inventory. A volume discount may include a buy- cardinal-get-one-free promotion. Cost-Plus pricingCost-plus pricing is the simplest pricing manner. The firm calculates the cost of producing the product and adds on a percentage (profit) to that price to give the selling price. This method although simple has two flaws it takes no account of demand and there is no way of determining if potential customers will purchase the product at the mensurable price. This appears in two forms, full cost pricing which takes into consideration both variable and fixed costs and adds a percentage as markup. The other is control cost pricing which is variable costs plus a percentage as markup. The latter is only used in periods of high competition as this method usually leads to a red in the unyielding run.Limit pricingA limit price is the price set by a monopolist to discourage economic accession into a market, and is illegal in many countries. The limit price is the price that the entrant would face upon entering as long as the incumbent firm did not decrease output. The limit price is often lower than the average cost of production or clean low enough to make entering not profitable. The quantity produced by the incumbent firm to act as a deterrent to adit is usually larger than would be optimal for a monopolist, but might still produce higher economic profits than would be earned under correct competition.The problem with limit pricing as a strategy is that once the entrant has entered the market, the quantity used as a threat to deter entry is no longer the incumbent firms best response. This means that for limit pricing to be an effective deterrent to entry, the threat must in some way be made credible. A way to achieve this is for the incumbent firm to constrain itself to produce a certain quantity whether entry occurs or not. An example of this would be if the firm signed a union contract to employ a certain (high) level of labor for a long period of time. In this strategy price of the product becomes the limit according to budget.Loss leaderA loss leader or leader is a product sold at a low price (i.e. at cost or below cost) to stimulate other profitable sales. This would help the companies to prolong its market share as a whole.Market-oriented pricingSetting a price based upon analysis and research compiled from the hindquarters market. Th is means that marketers will set prices depending on the results from the research. For instance if the competitors are pricing theirproducts at a lower price, then its up to them to either price their goods at an above price or below, depending on what the company wants to achieve.Price discriminationPrice discrimination is the make out of setting a different price for the same product in different segments to the market. For example, this can be for different classes, such as ages, or for different opening times.Premium pricingPremium pricing is the practice of property the price of a product or service artificially high in order to encourage favorable perceptions among buyers, based solely on the price. The practice is intended to exploit the (not necessarily justifiable) tendency for buyers to assume that expensive circumstances enjoy an majestic reputation, are more reliable or desirable, or represent exceptional quality and distinction.Predatory pricingPredatory pricing, a lso known as aggressive pricing (also known as undercutting), intended to drive out competitors from a market. It is illegal in some countries.Contribution margin-based pricingContribution margin-based pricing maximizes the profit derived from an individual product, based on the difference between the products price and variable costs (the products contribution margin per unit), and on ones assumptions regarding the relationship between the products price and the number of units that can be sold at that price. The products contribution to total firm profit (i.e. to operating income) is maximized when a price is chosen that maximizes the following (contribution margin per unit) X (number of units sold).Psychological pricingPricing designed to have a positive psychological impact. For example, selling a product at $3.95 or $3.99, rather than $4.00. There are certain price points where people are willing to buy a product. If the price of a product is $ one C and the company prices it as $99, then it is called psychological pricing. In most of the consumers mind $99 is psychologically less than $100. A minor distinction in pricing can make a big difference is sales. The company that succeeds in finding psychological price points can improve sales and maximize revenue enhancementDynamic pricingA flexible pricing mechanism made possible by advances in information technology, and employed mostly by Internet based companies. By responding to market fluctuations or large amounts of data gathered from customers ranging from where they live to what they buy to how much they have spent on past purchases changing pricing allows online companies to adjust the prices of identical goods to correspond to a customers willingness to pay. The airline industry is often cited as a dynamic pricing success story. In fact, it employs the technique so artfully that most of the passengers on any presumption airplane have paid different ticket prices for the same flight.Price lead ershipAn observation made of oligopolistic business behavior in which one company, usually the dominant competitor among several, leads the way in determining prices, the others soon following. The context is a state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.Target pricingPricing method whereby the selling price of a product is calculated to produce a particular rate of return on investment for a specific volume of production. The target pricing method is used most often by publicutilities, like electric and gas companies, and companies whose capital investment is high, like automobile manufacturers. Target pricing is not useful for companies whose capital investment is low because, according to this formula, the selling price will be understated. Also the target pricing method is not keyed to the demand for the product, and if the entire volume is not sold, a company might sustain an overall budgetary loss on the product.Absorpti on pricingMethod of pricing in which all costs are recovered. The price of the product includes the variable cost of each item plus a proportionate amount of the fixed costs and is a form of cost-plus pricingHigh-low pricingMethod of pricing for an organization where the goods or services offered by the organization are regularly priced higher than competitors, but through promotions, advertisements, and or coupons, lower prices are offered on key items. The lower promotional prices are designed to bring customers to the organization where the customer is offered the promotional product as well as the regular higher priced products.Premium decoy pricingMethod of pricing where an organization artificially sets one product price high, in order to boost sales of a lower priced product.Marginal-cost pricingIn business, the practice of setting the price of a product to equal the extra cost of producing an extra unit of output. By this policy, a producer charges, for each product unit sol d, only the addition to total cost resulting from materials and direct labor. Businesses often set prices close to peripheral cost during periods of poor sales. If, for example, an item hasa marginal cost of $1.00 and a normal selling price is $2.00, the firm selling the item might wish to lower the price to $1.10 if demand has waned. The business would adopt this approach because the incremental profit of 10 cents from the transaction is better than no sale at all.Value-based pricingPricing a product based on the quantify the product has for the customer and not on its costs of production or any other factor. This pricing strategy is frequently used where the value to the customer is many times the cost of producing the item or service. For instance, the cost of producing a software CD is about the same independent of the software on it, but the prices vary with the perceived value the customers are expected to have. The perceived value will depend on the alternatives open to th e customer. In business these alternatives are using competitors software, using a manual work around, or not doing an activity. In order to employ value-based pricing you have to know your customers business, his business costs, and his perceived alternatives.Pay what you wantPay what you want is a pricing system where buyers pay any desired amount for a given commodity, sometimes including zero. In some cases, a minimum (floor) price may be set, and/or a suggested price may be indicated as advocate for the buyer. The buyer can also select an amount higher than the standard price for the commodity. Giving buyers the freedom to pay what they want may seem to not make much sense for a seller, but in some situations it can be very successful. While most uses of pay what you want have been at the margins of the economy, or for special promotions, there are emerging efforts to expand its utility to broader and more regular use.FreemiumFreemium is a business model that works by offering a product or service free of charge (typically digital offerings such as software, content, games, webservices or other) while charging a premium for advanced features, functionality, or related products and services. The word freemium is a portmanteau combining the two aspects of the business model free and premium. It has become a highly popular model, with notable success.Odd pricingIn this type of pricing, the seller tends to fix a price whose last digits are odd numbers. This is do so as to give the buyers/consumers no gap for bargaining as the prices seem to be less and yet in an actual sense are too high, and takes advantage of human psychology. A good example of this can be noticed in most supermarkets where instead of pricing at $10, it would be written as $9.99. This pricing policy is common in economies using the free market policy.Decoy pricingMethod of pricing where the seller offers at least three products, and where two of them have a similar or equal price. The two products with the similar prices should be the most expensive ones, and one of the two should be less attractive then the other. This strategy will make people compare the options with similar prices, and as a result sales of the most attractive choice will increase. ConclusionPricing strategies for products or services encompass three main ways to improve profits. These are that the business owner can cut costs or sell more, or find more profit with a better pricing strategy. When costs are already at their lowest and sales are hard to find, adopting a better pricing strategy is a key option to stay viable. Merely ski tow prices is not always the answer, especially in a poor economy. Many businesses have been lost because they priced themselves out of the marketplace. On the other hand, many business and sales staff leave money on the table. One strategy does not fit all, so adopting a pricing strategy is a breeding curve when studying the needs and behaviors of customers and c lients.Bibliography1. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing A Guide to Growing More Profitably by Thomas Nagle 2. Power Pricing How Managing Price Transforms the Bottom Line by Robert J. Dolan 3. http//sixrevisions.com/project-management/pricing-strategies-research/ 4. http//entrepreneurs.about.com/od/salesmarketing/a/pricingstrategy_2.htm

Crime Information System Essay

This scheme is going to use by the police service department of Ghana. Our intension of developing this system is that, we want to vex the exact take of all the people who are sent to police this system is going to help all Ghanaians, to k at one time how our police service keep records. The system is alike going to help the people in the society to know what happens to culprit sent to police institutionalize. The current trend of the system in operation now is paper ground or a file system, which is not destiny our record keeping system. The current way which the police operate is paper based and it has so many complications. Papers are world manipulated in so many ways to suite the interest of others, and i think is not helping our police service. Information technology has a way of keeping entropy, which is more safe and secured than what is in operation now.Database is one of them which bring in been very helpful in so many institutions and we there are other record ke eping systems too which are very efficient in it field of work. Information system is more secured and reli commensurate than paper based system, so are in the view that, if our police service adopt this modern way of keeping information is going to help our society to have accurate information about criminals and law breakers in the society. Information system record keeping, reduce redundancy, stop number up work rate also pr regulart intruders or un elucidated users from getting access to our confidential information.1.2 Problem StatementThe police service have being running on manual file system whereby in so many cases, people are let go free even when they are at fault. We want a system which is going to help our police service to operate accurately without any favor from anybody. Peoples rights have being down played and others too have being favored heavily because of their position or political affiliation. So many innocent Ghanaians have constitute themselves in police c ustody for no fact or actual reason this is something which is very wrong in human right and our modern way of democracy our political dispensation.1.3 Aim and Objective1. The system must be able to record information about culprit. 2. The system must be able to have good record of anybody that is sent to the police station. 3. The system must keep adequate information about the criminals being sent to police station1.4 Relevance of StudyIf my proposed system is admitted, it will help in,1. To speed up court proceedings2. To have credible record about the culprit3. To have a well-organized record system that will enable the police department find information easily.4. To eliminate unnecessary duplication of records5. To ensure that only authorize personalities have access to sensitive information. 6. To help the police department retrieve information easily when needed.

Gambling: poker and slot machines Essay

Gambling is a game in which winningsning is completely or mostly dependent not on the art of play, but on luck. It has long been recognized as an adult pastime but in recent years, however, bid has increased significantly among adolescents who possess grown up in a culture more tolerant to looseness than any previous generation. Movies, TV shows, and more acceptable online betting clear upholded embed maneuver in youth culture. Poker tournaments and lotteries have become social activities at university campuses that best assemble friends and create enormous interest among them.For many people, such gambling activities argon harmless, but for others, a simple game of chance whitethorn turn into a serious problem or life-impeding addiction. Although many students may feel that they ar in control of the situation, unconsciously their behavior is potpourrid, and is in the mountains of arbitrary betting. Young and ambitious students are heavily affected by long-term gambling, n ot realizing its dreadful payoffs. These can result in unexplained absences at home and university. These threaten their academic performance, lead to financial bankruptcy and moreover, have prejudicial shock absorber on overall health.Gambling is one of the oldest avocations of humankind. Due to the cave drawings illustrating gambling and the dice that have been found during archeological excavations, historians believe that gambling existed even in tribal societies. Gambling is also mentioned in the mythology of ancient Greece. According to one of the legends, subsequently defeating the Titans, Zeus and his brothers Poseidon and Hades became masters of the universe. They decided to throw dice in order to divide the universe among them. King Henry VIII, known for his intelligence, was also an avid gambler.In spite of this he banned gambling in his state after he discovered that his soldiers were playing more than practicing. In more recent history, people played to predict th e abundant of harvest. On the other hand the attitude towards gambling of the most popular religions is mostly negative. Nowadays gambling is classified as a highly addictive compulsive disorder with neurologic causes. People believe that a string of losses makes a win more likely. They believe that a winning hand should al bureaus substitute a losing hand.This is what they tend to believe, but their beliefs do not create more chances of winning. The brains of people anticipating a win in casinos appear to react much like those taking euphoria-inducing drugs. Neuroscientists claim that the parts of the brain that respond to the prospects of winning or losing money while gambling are the same as those that appear to respond to cocain and morphine. Researchers used magnetic resonance imaging to map the brain responses of twelve men while they participated in a game of chance involving winning or losing money.They found that in the gambling experiment, blood flow to the brain change d in ways similar to that seen in other experiments during an infusion of cocaine in subjects inclined to that drug and to low doses of morphine in drug-free individuals (Gambling Affects Brain Like Drugs). Gambling seriously captures the whole brain and has a strong negative impact on it. Ann Klinestivet from Milton, W. Va provides a vivid illustration of brain damage from expansion slot machines (Lehrer).Having been diagnosed with Parkinsons disease she was desperate to find roundthing that might calm the tremors caused by the terrible disease. She found relief in slot machines, but from time to time she needed more doses to stay calm and that is when she became an addict. Parkinsons disease is caused by decreased dopamine, but slots machines served as a medication for Klinestivet, imitating the effects of dopamine, as it plays a core role in brain pleasure. She had lost huge tot up of money and it could not continue any longer, so she was forced to stop.Her tremors worsened, though her addiction to gambling vanished. One of the biggest problems of gambling is that it may start off as innocent competition, for example, two teens playing a computer game, and one saying that he can beat his rival several times in a row or something of the sort. This might end up with further intensive competition, or turn into some kind of situation where money or anything of nurse will be included. The game itself seems to be not illegal or really addictive, but that is the proposal of the teen what involves gambling.Typically, student gambling involves lotteries, card games, and slot machines. It is said among students that gambling has been popularized and glamourized by poker games. Poker games have huge increase on television shows and all over the world in the 21st century. It is one of not many games that involve the individual skills of playing along with cards dealt. Many young poker players that took place in the World serial publication of Poker with the help of luck won the biggest tournaments in their lifetime and that serves as a motivation for beginners who are just starting.Students tend to think that poker may change their lives, and make them popular, moreover, reduce the need to study. An example could be Joe Cada, who at age cardinal one, which is considered to be a legal age in the coupled States for gambling, became a winner of the Main Event at a poker tournament and received more than eight million dollars. Adolescents gamble for fun to socialize, to relax, and to have the adrenaline rush in their bodies from time to time. They also gamble to escape home and university problems, to alleviate feelings of loneliness, and disconnection.Addicted gamblers care nearly nothing, but the game and its winnings. They may not get enough sleep, miss out all the daily activities their main goal is to be in the game and effort to win as much as they can. Usually the result is against them, because when losing a small amount of money, t hey try to gain it back and start gambling for more and more. It comes to the point when they earn that no money is left and they have lost quite a fortune. The most dreadful nightmare begins after they borrow money and bury themselves in debts.The National Council on Problem Gambling has estimated that approximately 6% of college students have a serious gambling addiction. A little over 5% miss from bankruptcy and debts caused by regular gambling. Since 1975, the proportion of adults who never gambled has dropped from 1 in 3 to 1 in 7 (Gambling & Spending). Students who became the victims of gambling and lapse most of their savings or even their parents money have higher rates of depression and noticeable changes in their behavior they become less unbidden to be involved in any activity and most of their musical themes are related to gambling.ABC News has recently published a story about one college student, Ryan. Every single day, not depending on the activities he was busy w ith, he returned home until midnight and gambled on online poker sites till five in the morning. He eventually stopped doing anything and gained over 40 pounds, moreover, he could lose as much as $25,000 in a single night. Ultimately, his parents found out that he stole money from their savings and lost most of it, they decided to pull him out of university and now he is left with a $10,000 debt.Nowadays, a major proceeds in gambling among students is that the dedication to gaming is so important they simply start spending nights in casinos, or other places gambling, in the meantime, forgetting about their family and studying. The itching to gamble is so addictive, that it becomes the most important daily activity. For instance, I have conducted a survey among students in the University of New York in Prague, and five students out of twenty four who filled out the survey claimed that they gamble several times a week and it affects their academic success.Only four students stated t hat they had never gambled in their lives, and all of them were females. My personal opinion is that women are less reluctant to gambling in general they simply do not develop strong erotic love towards gambling. The same students who claimed that their academic performance is influenced by gambling, also acknowledged that gambling alters their relationship with relatives and friends. Instead of spending time with people who are willing to help you any time you are in need of it, they preferred to waste time in vain.Most of students who gamble in order to gain some profit, do not realize that the house always wins (Ocean, 2001). The ones who do not stop gambling even when losing, wait for the sweet win the feeling of supremacy is so satisfying that most young gamblers are willing to expect it for long. The survey reports that sixteen students, which is almost 70% of people surveyed, after a win have a strong desire to come back and win more. Analyzing results of my survey it is c lear indicates the support of world statistics, even though later after survey, students confessed in not truly answering some of the questions.Some students are ashamed of their gambling habit and that slightly influences the results. Many addicted students realize that gambling addiction will cause serious problems in future life and to prevent it, they seek different treatments in the early steps of addiction. As the gamblers mind is open to absorption and imaginative involvement, it can effectively be treated by hypnosis. This kind of therapy is considered not only to treat gambling addiction, but also to end depression and relieve stress. Hypnosis therapy helps gamblers to diminish their urge to gamble, and as a result, the players can decrease their addiction.In addition, hypnosis therapy teaches and helps a person to change his opinion about gambling. While the person is changing his mind about gambling, therapists try to develop new behaviors in the patient. They try to help the person to fig out his day and fulfill it with activities not related to gambling. If the person is married, therapists try to make that person more related to his family and spend the time with his children, if he has them. For those who gamble because of tedium, therapists try to find other ways or activities to make them interested.It may also happen that the patient changes his mind, but gambling thoughts will still exist at a rudimentary level. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for problem gambling is also considered as an option for quitting gambling. It aims to alter threatening of gambling behaviors and thoughts, such as rationalizations and false beliefs. It helps gamblers deal with uneasy situations rather than escape them through gambling. Main goal of the therapy is to change ones thoughts toward gambling and look at it in a new way. Bens story is presented for informatory purposes.Ben as a child believed that number seven was his lucky number, and throughout his stude nt years he became an addictive gambler. He would always bet on his favorite number when he had a chance. Loss of all his money did not stop him and it continued to worsen. Linette, Bens cognitive behavioral therapist, helped him realize that his thought of number seven being his lucky number is an error that have occurred in his brain since childhood (Hartney). The other way to help preventing problem gambling could be effective awareness events and programs on gambling.Such kind of events and programs engage university and college students in a humorous and informative way. Coordinators of these programs explain the real chances of winning and losing, adduce the symptoms of problem gambling and offer certain ways to keep gambling safer. One of my friends who was just staring to get involved in the world of gambling, established that the further it goes, the stronger he suffers from gambling. He decided to visit several awareness events on gambling. Later he told me that the prog ram itself is made in a way to distract students from heavy gambling and explain all the negative effects of it.The reason it works out for most of the students who attend events is because hosts of those events repeat terrible affects so many times that it stays in gamblers mind for long. For many years student gambling has been a major topic of discussion. Much research and surveys have been conducted to understand the main reasons for students gambling. Clinical counselors and specialists claim that there are some ways to gamble responsibly, such as setting a time and a budget limit, accepting losses as the cost of entertainment and never borrowing money to gamble (Wallisch).However, the practice shows that even if gambling is done responsibly and handled in a proper way it is still harmful fun. Regrettable consequences of gambling include money problems, neglect toward responsibilities and loved ones, physical and mental health problems and even suicide risk. Thus, universities should have the opportunity to educate students and their parents on the risks of gambling and create an environment where the association of problem gambling with financial and interpersonal problems is clearly understood.

Allegory: Old Age and Younger Generation

Hector Meza Eng. 028 Prof. Gray 04/30/2012 An allegory of the recital can define the representation of ideas, events, or characters. Gabriel Garcia Marquezs, A rattling Old Man with Enormous Wings, gives two good examples on symbolic and allegory meanings through the characters and their action. This story is blended with normal hu hu globe raceity, fantasy, and magical realism. The story can bring different meanings to readers depending on your view on action. After an ugly storm went through Pelayos town, He found his whole gravitational constant ruined with the weathers destruction.An aged(prenominal) man with enormous wings had fallen from the sky, and Pelayo discovers him only to use him as an attraction for the whole town to see. Pelayo and his wife, Elisenda use this man to gelt off of his unusual looks. After a couple of days, the crowd loose interest of the old man because a raw(a) attraction rises to the fame. A cleaning lady gets the pots interest because she has t he body of spider and she is also able to propound with the people. In the end the old man flies forward and the annoyance is taken away from Pelayos family.The allegory of the story shows how people can be cruel to each other. The old man symbolizes the older generation that atomic number 18 living their pass days here in this world and the spider muliebrity represents the younger generation that many people can relate. When Pelayo found the old man fable face down in the mud, he was unsure on what he would do with this man. He thought about getting rid of the old man by killing him, but his neighbor said that he could be an angel. The old man ended up being caged up in a chicken coop for the public to see him as a circus attraction.The whole town tried to transcend with the man, but no one offered to attend to this old man that was caged like an animal. In todays world, an elderly man can have the most knowledge and experience in liveness that many people cannot see. The old mans wings represent the unique experience they have in life. Many elderly people are placed retirement homes and most of them are only visited by their families. Some are just forgotten and left alone until their time comes. An elderly person is not any less than anyone else. Society judges the elderly in a negative way because of their decline in ealth and communication to the world. It is very sublime to have a younger generation take interest in someone who has have it awayd a complete life. The author shows how the public had trouble talking to the old man. For example, Pelayo tried to communicate with the man, which he answered in an incomprehensible dialect with a strong sailors voice (294). Some of the elderly people that live with us today have trouble communicating with the general public as they get older. Instead of trying to listen more carefully, many people just give up in communicating with an older person.Since Pelayo got a response from the angel he could no t understand he just, intelligently conclude that he was a castaway from some foreign ship wrecked storm (294). Mostly Every person in this world reaches the age when their abilities to do every day chores decreases. The younger generation is getting more and more distracted with the technologies that are becoming more advanced every day. Before when in that location was no technology, no retirement home, and no nursing home, families took care of their own family members when they had less capability.Today it can be so easy to drop a love one who has become so old that they dont want to admit that they have become a burden in their lives. For example, When the old man finally gets his wings and flies away, Elisenda let out a sigh of relief for herself and for himbecause then he was no longer an annoyance in her life (299). It is rare for someone to bring up this issue, but when we reach that age we wouldnt want to be treated as if we were the old man in the story. The younger gen eration can be easy to socialize with since most of us always have our own stories we want to share.After a while a carnival attraction came into town to show their main attraction which was a woman with the body of a spider. The whole town was amused by this new attraction since, people were permitted to ask her all manner of questions (297). The spider Woman ends up taking all of the precaution from the old man because of ability to communicate with anyone. Everyone in town also liked how they were able to relate to the spider womans misfortune because many got a lesson to not disobey in that location parent.The womans on time mistake got her punished by getting the body of a spider. This girl disobeyed rules, but yet she still got the attention from everyone. Also its not as if no one has broken the rules sometime in their life. When the author has both characters side by side, everyone goes to the spider woman because her story is more interesting than the ugly old man who can t even communicate. Many people can argue that it is hopeless to communicate with someone of old age, but in reality to talk to someone who has seen it all is worth the challenge.

Atlantic Slave Trade †Causes and Effiects Essay

The yearning of the Europeans especially Lusitanian, Spanish, British and the Dutch for exploration, colonisation and imperialism was a major factor in expanding the striver change networks in the Atlantic. As discussed by Timothy P. Grady in the book The Atlantic World 1450-2000, explorers from Portugal, Spain and other European nations expand the geographic knowledge south contendd on the sailplaning of Africa and watt across the Atlantic shores of the Americas.The urge for this exploration was triggered by the fall of Constantinople in may 1943, the last vestige of the Roman Empire, to the Muslim Turks which shook the fortitude of the European countries and the Christian faith. The expansion of the tuffet Empire most the Mediterranean region deprived European merchants of the lucrative business deal routes along the Silk track to the East.The threat of lost communication and merchandise routes across the Mediterranean into China, India and other regions of eastern Asia an d lost rise to power to silk and other precious commodities carried along this route, forced Europeans to explore alternate mess routes to Asia by turning westward for sunrise(prenominal) opportunities. Disc overy of new routes west of Europe through the Atlantic, led to European arrival glum westernmost coast of Africa in the juvenile fifteenth coke.By mid seventeenth century, the coast pedigree of West Africa was infiltrated by fifty forts and hard worker trading posts of competing European countries Portugal, Spain, Britain, Holland, Denmark, Sweden and Germany dividing the coastline into Ivory Coast, Gold Coast and striver Coast. The political suffice up in Africa also facilitated buckle down portion out. Africa was divided into a number of lessened and large states, chieftaincies and independent villages each with their own form of government, religion, customs and traditions. These territories often fought with each other and the captives of war were taken as sl aves.Such conflicts were justified wars which according to Warren. C. Whatley was natural struggles of nation building conducted in the ruler course of affairs. The captives referred to as joint-products of war or stolen goods were then exported. With the advent of the Europeans, domestic conflicts became slave raids. As redbreast Law asserted, the Kingdom of Dahomey dominated the slave raiding and trading from 1715 to 1850. Their kings held a royal monopoly on the apportion and conducted slave raids through their armies.Thus the political ambitions of the European and African monarchy led to the exploitation of the slave slyness. The developments in technology and its impact on navigation, ship building, and firearms aided the growth in Atlantic slave trade. water travel The desire for exploration spurred European scholars, navigators and sailors to expand their knowledge of geography and devise new ways of charting and function their journeys. Increased use of the hour glas s and logs to measure time and distance and the Portolan charts clearly documented navigation.In 1462, the Portuguese navigators devised methods of figuring out latitudes by measuring the height of the Pole Star above the horizon. later(prenominal) in 1484, astronomers in the court of King Joao II, using the midday sun to figure latitudes, produced a come in of declination tables. Under the patronage of Prince Henry of Portugal, other significant developments were made in the study of winds, tides and marine currents documents from previous explorations were compiled and maps and charts were continuously improved. Thus a good number of problems associated with navigation were resolved by late fifteenth century.As navigation across the great oceanics became manageable, the transportation of the slaves betwixt the continents Europe, Africa and America became less complicated. broadcast Building The changes to the design and functionalities of the European ships were another maj or factor that contributed to the expansion of Atlantic slave trade. amidst the ivteenth and mid- nineteenth centuries, sailing ships were the main means of transport of the slaves. These sailing ships kept changing over time in legal injury of design, fittings, equipments and materials use as sail.Use of three to four masts, sturdy hull, public square lateen and sprit sails, and stern rudder enhanced their sailing power, speed and eased control of the ships in wild run conditions. Small ships such as the caravel, tallly manoeuvrable ships introduced in the fifteenth century encouraged the Portuguese to explore regions around West African coast such as Senegal and Cape Verde and Canary islands to stiff staples, gold and slaves. Other ships designed by Portuguese for travel in the Atlantic Ocean were the carracks, four masted ships and the galleon, heavily armed multi deck sailing ships.The ships also grew in size and multi decks were able to adjust larger number of slaves. T he mean tonnage of the slave ships from Liverpool in 1730 was 75 scores. This increase to 130 tons in 1790 and 226 tons in 1805. Weapons The supremacy of Europe in the slave trade was driven by its guns, cannons and restraints. They used a strain of weapons to threaten the slaves and the enemy ships at sea, to maintain control both on land and at sea. The diffusion of the new gunpowder technology accelerated the slave trade. The African communities, threaten by armed neighbours, resorted to trading the captives for gunpowder, guns and muskets.In the words of Warren. C. Whatley, the vicious cycle, a raid or be raided arms race known as the Gun- Slave-Cycle was drawd. The replacement of the ineffective matchlock musket by the flintlock in1680s, drastically increased firearms claim in West Africa. According to J. E. Inikori, the firearms imported from England during the eighteenth century were between 283,000 and 394,000 guns per annum. The demand for firearms from West Africa was so high that manufacturing companies such as Farmer and Galton were forced to pressurise their workers to increase work.The demand for firearms was matched by tot of slaves. The developments in restraining technology aided the slave trade in terms of terrorising the slaves and reducing escapes. The restraints used in the trade included, neck restraints, iron collars linked by chains, tongue restraints and leg and wrist shackles to trammel movement. The ability to stow more slaves per cubic foot of the ship, ability to navigate better around the coast of Africa, the reduction in escapees cod to draconian restraints, and the organisation of forts around the coast to lodge the captives helped to reduce cost and promote trade.African Demand for goods from Europe The introduction of a wide range of consumption goods in West Africa, the possession of which was a matter of social status and power, was another factor leading to the development of Atlantic slave trade. The African deman d for iron and copper bars, textiles, salt, earthenware, weapons and firearms, rum, wine, gin and cowrie shells and a variety of both European and oriental goods had a pro comprise impact on slave trade. The demands for these goods were so high that the European suppliers could not cope with the increased demand.J. E. Inikori commented that firearms and textiles were in such high demand by the slave traders that they were not prepared to clear their slave cargo, if they were not satisfied with the quantity of supply of these items of trade. The merchants were willing to trade their morality to capture slaves in exchange for European goods. Alan Rice clearly identifies this when he asserts, The desire for luxuriousness goods was so great that these African elites would consign war captives and domestic slaves to an unknown fate across the ocean in exchange for them.Growth in Slave trading institutions Growth in social institutions to practise a more organised slave trade was a key factor in Atlantic slave trade. The increase in demand and prices of slaves encouraged the development of various institutions to address the issues associated with the trade capture, enslavement, seasoning, trade, regulations and taxation. The merchants explored new ways of trapping the slaves deception, kidnapping, ambush attacks, promoting conflicts between villages and the pretence of family substitution for the runaways.The kidnap of Olaudah Equiano in 1750s in his words, i day when all our people were gone out to their works as usual and only I and my sister were left to mind the house, two men and woman got over our walls and in a hour seized us both and ran off with us into the nearest wood. The drought and famine in Africa due to marginal rainfalls in the Savannah areas Angola and the grasslands extending from Senegambia to Cameron, forced desponding families to sell themselves. People were too poor to survive and offered themselves as collateral for credits. Non repay ment made them slaves.Development of enforcement mechanisms also encouraged the slave trade. Credit was offered to slave traders to cross costs of acquiring, transporting and housing slaves until they were boarded on the ships. Other types of such mechanisms, described by Warren. C. Whatley were the use of factories and forts as guardianship pens and warehouses, African canoe houses and other trade coalitions, secret societies and treaties between European and African nations. The cycle of fierceness to hunt down the slaves continued leading to an upsurge in slave trade The exasperate in world in the AmericasThis was another important factor that led to the development of Atlantic slave trade. With the European colonisation of the Americas, there was a growth in mining and plantations in the islands between North and southwest America and the labour demands were met by native Indians. The massive mortality rates of the natives due to poor working(a) conditions and new Europea n and African diseases such as measles, tiny pox, the plague, influenza, malaria and yellow fever led to decline in the commonwealth of Americas.Figure 1 presents data on the drastic decline in population in Americas which led to a decline in labour. The Europeans now turned to the Negroes in Africa for labour. They soon found that the African slaves were more productive and the output quadrupled. Shiploads of slaves were exported to work in these American islands and soon the slave trade was transformed from a marginal institution to a global phenomenon. Growth in Plantations The development of Atlantic slave trade stemmed from the growth in plantation agriculture such as sugar, cotton, tobacco, afternoon tea and rice in the sore World.The demand for plantation workers in sixteenth century Brazil, seventeenth century Caribbean and nineteenth century Cuba instigated slave supply from Africa. The intensity of the growth in plantations could be seen in small islands like Barbados. By 1650 Barbados had 300 plantations which multiplied to 900 by 1670, a rate of 100% per annum. The emergence demand for sugar, multiplying at a compound rate of 5% per annum in the seventeenth century to about 10% in the nineteenth century, increased the demand for African slaves to work in the sugar plantations in the New World lands.As H. Hobhouse puts it, food became responsible for the Africanization of the Caribbean. This small group of islands accounted for 80% of the sugar and slave trade until the eighteenth century. The slave labour for majority of these plantations was secured from Africa through the Atlantic. As plantations became the expanded into a global trade network, so did the Atlantic slave trade. Slave Trade and Profitability There were various groups of stakeholders in the Atlantic Slave trade who participated in it due to the profitability from the trade in slaves.African Rulers profited in terms of taxes and custom duties paid by the European merchants. They were given the first choice of any merchandise that was brought into Africa for trade and were able to bargain lower prices for these goods. The rulers also ascendanceed premium prices for their own slaves. They also received considerable gifts from the merchants in order to secure preferential trading agreements. Ouidah, a coastal town in Benin, West Africa was a strong European trading post since 1720 and was accessed by forty to fifty European trading vessels per year. thence the ruler who started off with ten slaves in exchange for opening his market in 1700 was able to command a higher price of twenty slaves by 1720. This was in addition to the privileges in the purchase or sale of the commodities which included the slaves as well. According to Miles Ogborn, by 1800s the rulers in Africa were able to obtain goods for each slave worth three or four times as much in 1700. Both African and European slave traders were paid well. Overwhelmed by the profits from slave exports, weal thy merchants both in Africa and Europe, expanded slave trading networks to prodigious numbers.Figure 2 analyses changes in supply by African slave merchants in response to changes in prices. The data reveals that the supply increased as price increased. Hence, the largest emigration of slaves in the eighteenth century can be attributed to the increase in price from ? 14 to ? 25. Between the long time 1779 and 1788, there was a decrease in demand for slaves due to the War of American Independence. This created excess supply of slaves in the African coast. Hence the planter in Americas started restocking their slave supply.The European slave traders capitalised on this by securing supply at cheaper prices from Africa and selling higher prices in the Americas thereby making abnormal profits between these years. Thus slave trade allowed African and European slave traders to maximise profits from the trade. The consumers of Europe profited in terms of cheaper commodity prices due to inc reased output by African slaves in the plantations. Figure 3 presents data on the production of sugar and tobacco by British colonies.The increased volume of production of these commodities reduced their prices much to the favour of European consumers. Tobacco which fetched twenty to forty shillings in 1619 was sold for a shilling or less while the price of sugar halved between 1630 and 1680. Thus the consumers were able to taste the luxury of these commodities at affordable prices. The planters were another group of stakeholders in the trade who profited in their own way. dig up became cheap and more available due to Atlantic Slave trade.The planters always worked with a motive of economic exploitation of the factors of production, especially labour and work was dictated by discipline and violence. Successful planters were able to create immense wealth and have extravagant life styles. While the slaves slogged day and night in the plantations, the owners were able to withdraw in the Great Houses built on commanding positions, with beautiful gardens, imported china, furniture and furnishings. The fortune and lifestyle of Sir Charles Price, the largest land and slave owner of Jamaica between 1738 and 1772 demonstrates the height of planter lifestyles. The Decoy, the Great House he built was a mansion with magnificent rooms with mirrors and wood carving in the decor, lakes and parks around the house and elegant gardens with fruits, flowers and vegetables.This essay has clearly illustrated the factors that led to the development of the Atlantic Slave trade. Eventhough the political set up in Europe and Africa and the growth in plantations laid the foundation for the trade, it was the technological developments and social influences on the Europeans and Africans that took the trade to global heights.Overall, the technological improvements lowered transport, handling and shipping costs enabling the achievement of economies of scale. Similarly, the growing dema nd for goods from Europe in Africa, the growth in slave trading institutions and the decline in Americas population fostered the slave trade. Finally, the profitability from the trade influenced various groups of stakeholders to become intensely involved making it an international trade spanning four continents and altering their social, economic and political composition.

My Journey to Life Introduction

My Autobiography When my Parents First Met Sometime in 1974 when Christmas is approaching, accordingly my parents told me that they happened to meet at a certain canteen in Green Hills San Juan, Rizal and came to know each other while they were so far studying in College. Late after one year they came to be engaged with each other. discriminating more each family background, and accepted by both. After my father had graduated his course in Manila, they stubborn with both parental onsents to get marry. They went home to Batanes to receive their matrimony of marriage at the heaven-sent Medal of Virgin Mary at Itbud, Uyugan, Batanes. In their continuous companionship, in the hardship of living, they were blessed with terce children, all girls. They were Cheryl, Richel, and Louelle. Even in their hardship of bringing up my sisters, nevertheless they never quit pursuit fracture information which is getting into college. They survived with the effort.My father and mother both gradu ated the course of Bachelor of attainment in Commerce major in Accounting at Saint Dominic College, Basco, Batanes, sometime in 1990. For better qualification, they were both use on level 2 ranked and file positions. My mother is still employed to the now Provincial Agriculturists Office as HRMO-II and my father has just retired from the DPWH Batanes, their employment helps so much as the source to carry on in racing their first 3 children until they were in college. 6 historic period later blessed with another baby girl whom my father named Dandy. Dandy means according to him a child who hold up and down sweetly. After weeks, they brought their child to receive her baptism at Saint Dominic genus Paris Chapel. The child received her baptismal feminine name Dandelle which I am carrying on. I wrote this when I was still in Third Year High School for an Auto biography project. I only include the introduction part of it for my Autobiography is long and I dont want to tell much about me.

Poetry Explication Essay

Sir Walter capital of North Carolina (1552-1618) was called a silver poet of his age because of the way he did not conform to the poet writing style of the Renaissance era. He became fairly best-selling(predicate) with Queen Elizabeth I and was knighted in 1585. But he fell out of her good graces when he in secret married ladies without her permission.The queen locked him in the Tower of London for some time, and while he was locked up he was writing poetry. He was ultimately arrested and executed in 1618 to appease the Spanish government for some pillage that his men did on one of their voyages done America. His works are everything from plain to somber and that is one of the principal(prenominal) things that made him a gravid poet.The Nymphs ReplyThe Nymphs Reply to the shepherd by Sir Walter Raleigh has many floors and interpretations. The poem describes love and time, but the most important thing that I think it describes is Carpe Diem or seizing the day. The poem is a response to Christopher Marlowes The Passionate Shepherd to His fill in.Marlowes poem describes a shepherd trying to win over the one he loves by promising her all of these earthly things, but Raleighs poem is the woman seemingly denying the shepherds advances and saying that all of the earthly things that he promised will all eventually pass past and be forgotten. The Nymph says that the only way we offer be to suckher is if youth lasted forever and their lusty love knew no time. I believe that the theme of this poem is carpe diem and the poetic chemical elements that support that are alliteration, optic imagery, and situational ridicule.The first element that cooperates describes Carpe Diem is in the poem is alliteration. Raleighs use of alliteration really helps get his points across to the reader and helps the transactions be smoother. Like in the line, These pretty pleasures might me move (1224), Raleigh uses alliteration to almost mock the shepherds advances on the nymp h. And in any case in the line, Time drives the flocks from content to fold (1224), Raleighuses alliteration to help to say that time changes everything.That is the reason why alliteration supports the theme of Carpe Diem. The only way the Nymph will accept the shepherds love is if they forever go through in the present where they are young and passionate. The nymph does not want earthly things that will die or sour throughout time, but rather she wants things to be eternal and stay fresh. These examples are a perfect form of Carpe Diem, and that is why alliteration helps get the main point across to the reader.The next poetic element that helps represent Carpe Diem in the poem is the imagery, more specifically the visual imagery. Raleigh uses imagery to help support Carpe Diem by showing the disadvantages of time. He shows the readers how moods change with the seasons, flowers will wither, and things grow old all through imagery.Like in the lines, Thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy p osies Soon break, soon wither, soon forgotten (1224-1225), Raleigh helps the reader see the flowers decrease through time. He even does so well as to put images in the readers mind of things fading away and being forgotten. When Raleigh uses imagery to diminish time he is also using it to uplift Carpe Diem at the same time. And that is how imagery helps support the theme of Carpe Diem.The final poetic element that helps support the theme of Carpe Diem is irony. And the specific irony used in the poem is situational irony. The sense of helplessness by the shepherd is apparent throughout the poem. The shepherd has to listen to the nymph deny all the things he promised her, and reassure him that the only way that they can be together forever is if they can stay young forever.This is why it is situational irony because there is nothing the shepherd can do so that he and the nymph can live young forever. The best he can give her is Carpe Diem and try to live in the at present while th e passion is still fresh, but ultimately they could never be together forever. This sense of situational irony is why it is a perfect example of Carpe Diem.In conclusion the poem itself really displayed strong heathenish values of its time period. It showed that during the time of romanticism Carpe Diem was a big thing back then. It was a great poem with many key points and I enjoyedreading it.

Risk Management Report

1. admittance 1. frame goals and context 2. spot s makeholders (internal and external) 2. essay Register 2. 1 Identify the perils 2. 2 test the stakes 2. 3 Likelihood, Consequences and Assessment proceeds of finds 2. 4 Evaluate the Risks 3. Risk Treatments (Avoid Reduce likelihood Reduce consequences transferring the risk Retaining the risk) 1. Recommended Response and Impact 4. Implementation 4. 1 Proposed Actions 4. 2 Proposed colloquy 4. 3 Responsibilities (Internal and External) 4. 4 Timing 4. 5 Resource requirements (funds, pile, equipment etc) . Reporting and Monitoring 1. Introduction Risk Management is the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) process used by organisations to identify, assess and fake risks by onlyocating resources. To minimise the probability and impact of hazardous display cases. The process every(prenominal)ows for cargonful consideration of stakeholders solacement and enjoyment levels as head as identifying be for resources. Strategies to manage risk include transferring the risk to new(prenominal) parties, avoid the risk, reducing the negative impact of the risk, and accepting any or every consequences of apiece risk. 1. Establish goals and context Each year, Hearing Exclusive Learning Centre offers a Christmas Party for its enrolled children. Their pargonnts and volunteers, staff, board of counselling members and circumspection ar invited. resurrects usually bring along guests who have not been specifi wauly invited. Santa arrives by hand truck, place outside the centre near to the road. We must minimise risks for the hearing imp gentle winded children and ensure everyone safely enjoys the sheath. 1. 2 Identify stakeholders Internal Volunteers cater Board of Management Members Management Santa Sponsors transportSponsors Truck Driver Hearing Exclusive Learning Centres Duty of Care External Parents Children Parents Guests 1. Risk Register The Risk Register records details of all the risks identified at t he send-off and during the event. Their grading in terms of likelihood of occurring and seriousness of impact. Initial plans for mitigating each high level risk. The costs and responsibilities of the prescribed strategies and subsequent results. 2. 1 Identify the Risks in decree of Importance (low to high) a. Risk of not adequate BBQ equipment and food b. Risk of inappropriate behaviour by attendees . Risk of liability claims for non-disclosure of OHS to all stakeholders d. Risk of allergies/ health check conditions e. Risk of getting burnt-out by hot exhaust pipe or BBQ food f. Risk of nerve-wracking noise g. Risk of getting food poisoning h. Risk of ill-use from the use of company supplies i. Risk of harm from rubbish j. Risk of tarnish from fights k. Risk of not enough staff to monitor at the event l. Risk of falling from activity or off the high truck cabin m. Risk of macrocosm run over by vehicle(s) n. Risk of child going missing 2. 2 Analyse the Risks Risk Table Likel ihood Consequences Negligible Injury First Aid Injury mild Injury Major Injury human death Very Likely H H E E E Likely M H H E E Possible L M H E E Unlikely L L M H E passing Unlikely L L M H H Risk Assessment take E utmost(prenominal) Risk Immediate do required notify executive program and the HSR. If possible, the activity should be ceased this instant H High Risk Notify supervisor and HSR and implement immediate movement to minimize wound M Moderate Risk Implement immediate action to minimize injury e. g. point outage. Remedial action required indoors five working sidereal days. L Low Risk Remedial action within one month (if possible), supervisor attention required 2. 3 The Likelihood, Consequences and Assessment Outcome of Risks for all Stakeholders a. Risk of not enough BBQ equipment and food Consequences Low Risk with Negligible injury and Unlikely to occur. Outcome Parents and Staff advised to bring a plate of food or drinks to sh are if they bunghole. embody $0 b. Risk of inappropriate behaviour by attendees Consequences Low Risk with Negligible injury and Unlikely to occur. Outcome take aim security and supervisor to find fault with and relocate people. Cost $500 for security c. Risk of liability claims for non-disclosure of OHS to all Consequences stakeholders High Risk with Negligible injury and Very likely to occur. Outcome obtain consent forms including for picture taking Parents and Staff advised to eternally control and take care of children. Keep events within the fenced playground. Purchase insurance policy to strain all risks identified. Provide regular safety announcements. Cost $3500 for insurance cover d. Risk of allergies/ medical exam conditions Consequences High Risk of Minor injury is Possible. Outcome Obtain signed parental consent forms for each child and list of medical conditions for attendees. Request those with special diets bring their own meals or forward postulate to caterer. Provide name tags with coloured dot for those with conditions. Cost $10 for name tags e. Risk of getting burnt by hot exhaust pipe or BBQ food Consequences High Risk of Minor injury is Possible. Outcome Ask driver to turn off truck and make use of natural air circulation. Have a place to meet Santa inside the playground. look everyone uses the correct utensils. Cost $60 for utensils f.Risk of stressful noise Consequences High Risk of Major injury is Likely. Outcome operate security and supervisor to warn and relocate everyone. g. Risk of getting food poisoning Consequences High Risk of Major injury is Likely. Outcome Have the centres nurse waiting to administer first aid and notify paramedics to standby. Hire professional caterer to extend and cook foods. Cost $1000-$2000 for caterer and paramedics h. Risk of harm from the use of party s upplies Consequences High Risk of Major injury is Likely. Outcome Hire professionals to make balloons, face paint, hand out party gifts, generate event planned activities/banners/hosting/audio visual equipment/bands. Cost $2000-$5000 for event planner and band i. Risk of harm from rubbish Consequences High Risk of Major injury is Likely. Outcome Hire trash management team up using volunteers. Cost $100 j.Risk of injury from fights Consequences uttermost(a) Risk of Major injury is Very likely. Outcome Use centre nurse, insurance cover and security. k. Risk of not enough staff to monitor incidents at the eventConsequences Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. Outcome Parents and Staff advised to always control and take care of children. Keep events within the fenced playground. Provide regular safety announcements. Cost $35 for voice Amplifier l. Risk of falling from activity or off the high truck cabin Consequences Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. Outcome use centres nurse for first aid and insurance cover by filling in accident book when required. Only people with appropriate footwear, clothing, sunscreen and head cover are allowed entry by staff and volunteers. Place a secure ramp. Cost $80 for wheelchair ramp m. Risk of being run over by vehicle(s) Consequences Extreme Risk of Fatality is Very likely. Outcome Drivers and pedestrians advised via sign posts and verbal direction to go slow, avoid children and park farthest away from fenced playground. Cost $10 to apply & print signs n. Risk of child going missing Consequences Extreme Risk of Fatality is Very likely. Outcome Have timed sign in/out forms for children being dropped off and picked up as well as head counts before and after(prenominal) group fecal matter/activity. Cost $10 for forms 2. 4 Evaluate the Risks The funds required to manage risks for the event is in the order of $11,305. The Board of Management will be required to approve those funds as soon as possible. Of highest risk is liability claims so safety announcements must be made regularly in all communications before and during the event. Therefore allowing for feedback and suggestions to be obtained on the protocols.Insurance cover must be purchased for the event. Other risks canister be mitigated by hiring security, event professionals, nurse, having paramedics on standby, providing equipment and signs, having volunteers and parents bring food as well as keeping constant watch on the children. 2. Risk Treatments (Avoid Reduce likelihood Reduce consequences transferring the risk Retaining the risk) 2 weeks prior to BBQ, have staff meeting and allocate a supervisor to relocate the party repeatedly when necessary to quieten the stressful noises and/or situations. Allocate staff duties for obtaining supplies, contacts and communications with sponso rs and parents in particular.Ensure staff is acquaint with OHS procedures for the event so they can provide safety announcements to everyone. As well as manage people before, during and after the event. Allocate staff to survey for feedback and suggestions as well as approach the Board, parents, staff and sponsors for volunteers and funds. interrupt and approve the RSVP list, include any roles & responsibilities. 1 week prior,call & request that parents who RSVP for the BBQ volunteer their time and resources for the event. As well as bring a plate of food or drinks to share if they can. Make parents into paid staff if necessary via signed contracts. 4 days prior, hire security from network of staff or parents to be on alert, warn and/or request disruptors to leave the event. days prior, provide ramp to sponsors truck driver to use at event and ensure both driver and Santa is familiarised with OHS procedures. Ensure external staff is qualified and licenced to work with children. On day of event, ensure that staff knows the protocols for the truck driver, Santa, parents and children to keep everyone in line. Signs are posted and safety announcements made at regular intervals. Start hosting the event and allocate amplifier and communication equipment to staff. 3. 1 Recommended Response and Impact By developing a timed action plan in order to reduce, minimise, and isolate the exposure to risks. Ensuring all adults agreed to always control and take responsibility of the children ahead of the event.Ensuring the Sponsor driver and Santa is police checked and licensed to work with children. Check conservatively over every thing via lists and contacts before the start of the event. By determining the importance of each risk. Analyse the frequency of exposure to the associated risks. By developing an evacuation and crowd control plan with staff. By communicating all procedures with staff. 4. Implementation Implementation follows all of the plans for mitigating the ri sks. Purchase insurance policies for the risks that have been decided to be transferred to an insurer. Avoiding all risks that can be avoided without sacrificing the organisations goals. 4. 1 Proposed ActionsSet up meeting with the board of management to approve funding. Meeting with staff, management and volunteers for briefing of roles and responsibilities. Hire extra resources and/or professionals. Send out invitations. Obtain list of RSVP stakeholders and approve. Contact stakeholders for supererogatory support. Purchase insurance coverage for the event. Ensure everything goes as planned via lists and contacts. Ensure banners, signs are placed and professionals are misrepresent to cover the event. Provide staff and volunteers with survey forms and equipment. Organise parent teacher meeting for after event reporting and feedback. Obtain net report from supervisor.Include recommendations into the following event planning and timing. 4. 2 Proposed Communication Email staff, pare nts and management via memos and newsletters. Call everyone to follow up on their roles, responsibilities and ensure attendances. Make calls to hire, appointments to approve and sign contracts with professionals including purchasing insurance coverage for the event. Call or radio personnel at event to carry an alerted net of safety. Email, call and or post thank you letters and invite to post event feedback. Email, call supervisor for reporting and or meeting. Email management the final planning proposal for the next event. 4. 3 Responsibilities (Internal and External)Management- ensure all funding is provided, lists and plans are in place. Including insurance, hiring, contracts, appointments, equipment and venues are appropriate. Communicate via memos, newsletters and calls to action. Staff- supervisor to take turn on of everyone on day of event and all survey reporting. Volunteers- assist staff and parents with their responsibilities. Hired Professionals- provide equipment and go before and during event. Sponsor Driver- use safety equipment and performs role responsibly as instructed by staff. Santa- ensure kids and parents are all happy with his role. Parents- take responsibility of the children and offer any support required on day of event. 4. 4 Timing Before eventSend out invitations 1 months prior. Have RSVP list of names, roles and responsibilities ready for staff meeting 2 weeks prior. Hire all external staff 2 weeks prior to event on signed contracts including volunteers. Ensure they are qualified and licenced to work with children. Ensure insurance is purchased to cover all equipments, planned events and catering are all in place and ready to go 1 week prior. Ensure everything goes according to plan via lists and contacts within the week leading into the event. During event Place signs and discharge flyers of the event timetable. Ensure everyone is allocated their places and equipment, roles and responsibilities.Ensure staff makes regular safety checks and announcements according to plan. Fills out attendance sign in/out forms and accident book when required. That only people with appropriate footwear, clothing, sunscreen and head cover are allowed entry. Ensure all hired professionals perform in a satisfactory manner. Ensure hosting and activities are on time and obtain feedback of satisfaction levels. After event Hold parent teacher meeting within 1week. The supervisor was to analyse results of surveys and monitoring of legal and ineffective procedures from the event. During the meeting, supervisor reports on effective, ineffective protocols and their impact on enjoyment.All stakeholders can also provide additional inputs which will be noted by the supervisor. Helpful suggestions can be implemented as additional notes to the report. Include the report in the Risk Register file. 4. 5 Resource requirements (funds, people, equipment, etc. ) In addition to staff, volunteers, parents and children, sponsor driver and Santa, e quipments, planning and catering for the event. Internet, mobile phones and/or walkie talkies, office equipment and supplies are required to contact, communicate and disperse people & equipments for the event. The centres resources are already equipped to provide these points of call. 5. Reporting and MonitoringAll stakeholders are invited to provide feedback and suggestions before, during and after the event to make the party an enjoyable experience for everyone involved. The supervisor is to gather, analyse and report on survey results from staff. The report can be communicated to all stakeholders in a parent teacher meeting 1 week after the event. Of importance is highlighting all effective and ineffective protocols, with emphasis on safety. The effect that stakeholders felt the safety protocols had on their enjoyment is also required. The final report would be included into the Risk Register. Implement the effective procedures into next years christmas party plan and timing shee ts. With emphasis on avoiding or minimising the ineffective.